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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which is constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are made from earth and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To construct their nests, termites primarily utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest contractors, since they only dwell inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made from carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants use counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the gut of the termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is known as polycalism. Polycalic species of termites sort numerous nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be less frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been found in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in regions with torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.

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For example, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels used as strong points, since the width of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly secure room, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and can be used as a last line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds this link are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally check this have elaborate and distinctive forms, such as those of their compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or sand tubes, that begin in the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of high humidity, so these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also give high humidity and darkness and permit employees to accumulate food sources that cannot be accessed in any other way.197 All these passageways are made from dirt and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in diameter, but might extend dozens of yards in length.198.

Owing to their view own wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans happens where structures and landscapes containing structural wood components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a reliable supply of food and moisture.200;Their custom of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are seriously damaged, leaving a thin layer of a wall that protects them from your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species possess an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.